RESUMO
Resumen El síndrome de braquiespina es una condición genética de la raza Holstein, detectada en el año 2006. Es causado por una deleción de 3.3 Kb en el gen FANCI localizado en el cromosoma bovino 21. La mutación fue identificada en poblaciones de Holstein de Europa, América del Norte y Asia. Dada la importancia económica del defecto y su amplia distribución mundial, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido la identificación de animales portadores en el núcleo de selección genética de la raza en Uruguay y el diagnóstico molecular del alelo deletéreo en animales del rodeo nacional. En el presente estudio se analizaron 2598 registros de toros Holstein del catálogo de padres del sistema de evaluación genética lechera, los registros de toros pertenecientes a los catálogos de semen Holstein disponible para Uruguay de los años 2014 al 2018; y 71 vacas pertenecientes al rodeo general. Se encontraron 28 toros portadores de braquiespina de un total de 377 toros con información genética del catálogo de padres y cuatro vacas portadoras de un total de 71 genotipificadas en nuestro laboratorio. Se demostró una disminución en el ingreso de semen de animales portadores al país entre los años 2014 y 2018. La frecuencia significativa de animales portadores en Uruguay evidencia la necesidad de implementar estrategias que permitan eliminar gradualmente el defecto de la población.
Abstract Brachyspina syndrome is a hereditary recessive disease of recent identification in the Holstein breed. It is caused by a deletion of 3.3Kb in the FANCI gene located in the bovine chromosome 21. The mutation was identified in Holstein populations of Europe, North America and Asia. Given the economic importance of the defect and its wide distribution, the objective of this work was the identification of carrier animals in the genetic selection nucleus of the breed in Uruguay and the molecular verification of the deleterious allele in animals of the national herd. In the present study, 2598 records of Holstein bulls were analyzed from the list of parents of the dairy genetic evaluation system, records of bulls belonging to the Holstein semen catalogs available for Uruguay from 2014 to 2018; and 71 cows belonging to the general herd. Twenty-eight brachyspina carrier bulls were found of a total of 377 bulls with genetic information from the list of parents and four carrier cows of a total of 71 genotyped in our laboratory. A decrease in the income of semen from carrier animals to the country between 2014 and 2018 was demonstrated. The significant frequency of carrier animals in Uruguay evidences the need to implement strategies to gradually eliminate the population defect.
RESUMO
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare in the pediatric population, accounting for 2-3 percent of childhood leukemia cases, with an annual incidence of one case per million children. The low toxicity profile of imatinib mesylate has led to its approval as a front-line therapy in children for whom interferon treatment has failed or who have relapsed after allogeneic transplantation. We describe the positive responses of 2 children (case 1 - from a 7-year-old male since May 2005; case 2 - from a 5-year-old female since June 2006) with Philadelphia-positive chromosome CML treated with imatinib (300 mg/day, orally) for up to 28 months, as evaluated by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular approaches. Our patients are alive, are in the chronic phase, and are in continuous morphological complete remission.